Asean infrastructure gap turns negatives into positives

 
Add in China’s ambitious Belt & Road Initiative and together they make a compelling case of the potential for a multi-year boom in investment and construction that will create entirely new economic ecosystems. 
BRI at its most basic is a strategy to build the transport links and logistics capacity to boost the flow of trade between China and more than 60 countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe to an estimated $2.5 trillion annually in the coming decade, from about US$1 trillion now. 
Meanwhile rapidly-growing numbers of increasingly affluent urbanites in the economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) are fuelling demand for housing, schools, hospitals, roads, railways, airports and other facilities. 
Meeting that demand in Asean’s six biggest economies – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam – means investment of an estimated US$2.1 trillion out to 2030, according to analysis by HSBC. 
That same analysis shows governments currently have plans in place to deliver just US$910 billion of it. 
Given the right incentives, the private sector can bridge that gap – especially if companies in Asia and Europe can find the right opportunities to work together. 
Business connections between Asean and Europe are already strong. 
Companies from the European Union contribute about a sixth of total foreign direct investment into economies in the 10-nation bloc, according to Asean data. The US$20.1 billion worth of EU commitments in 2015 were more than twice those from China. 
Europe’s commitment to the growth opportunity in Asean in the face of economic uncertainties at home has seen annual trade flows increase to $201 billion in 2015 from $US147 billion in 2010. 
Now a new accelerant for economic activity is emerging to drive prosperity for Asean’s 625 million inhabitants that could see them grow their consumer spending power to twice that of the UK by 2025. 
Nation-building infrastructure investment is providing the fuel. 
According to the Nesdb's reported estimate, Thailand’s 2017-2026 infrastructure investment is projected to amount to Bt6.51 trillion – equal to annual investment of 5.3 per centt of GDP on average. Narrowing down the horizon to the next five years (Nesdb's 12th Plan), infrastructure spending is expected to average 2.7 per cent of GDP per year. This is achievable, even if leaning towards the optimistic side, and should help maintain real GDP growth at 3-4 per cent .
Infrastructure has been a bug bear in Southeast Asia for decades where hard infrastructure such as roads, railways and ports, and soft infrastructure such as water and sewerage plants, schools and hospitals are in profound need of repair, expansion or development. 
With the increasing urbanisation of populations around Asean, infrastructure has become an unmistakable priority for countries across the bloc. 
And this is where China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has added a new dimension to the business possibilities. More than 300 Chinese-funded enterprises had set up in 26 economic cooperation zones in eight ASEAN countries, investing a total of US$1.77 billion, by October 2016 under the auspices of BRI projects.
Asean economies including Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia have already launched BRI-related deals with China, with several projects now entering implementation stage and many more in the pipeline. 
The high-speed rail line running from southern China through Laos to Thailand’s industrial east coast and a port in Vietnam are prime examples. 
European engineering, construction, maintenance, logistics, architecture and business services firms – still battling economic headwinds at home – could and should be firmly in the mix to pick up the opportunities of the anticipated Asian infrastructure boom. 
Research from the economic think tank, Bruegel, concludes that European nations will be big BRI winners from improvements to transport infrastructure and reductions in freight costs. 
Bruegel’s analysis finds that all 10 of the top trade beneficiaries would likely be European - Belgium, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Denmark, Moldova, Germany, Bosnia/Herzegovina and Poland – with an annual trade boost of at least 8.2 percent each. 
When tied with the development needs of Asean this could be the biggest opportunity to stimulate international trade since the creation of the World Trade Organisation, more than 20 years ago. 
Perceiving the broader economic opportunities presented by BRI will be a crucial differentiator in the decades ahead. 

KELVIN TAN, the author, is Chief Executive Officer, HSBC Thailand