Under the dome: Fears Pacific nuclear ‘coffin’ is leaking

The dome – described by a UN chief Antonio Guterres as “a kind of coffin” – was built two decades after the blast in the Pacific Ocean region. 
The US military filled the bomb crater on Runit island with radioactive waste, capped it with concrete, and told displaced residents of the Pacific’s remote Enewetak atoll they could safely return home. 
But Runit’s 45-centimetre-thick concrete dome has now developed cracks. 
And because the 115-metre-wide crater was never lined, there are fears radioactive contaminants are leaching through the island’s porous coral rock into the ocean. 
The concerns have intensified amid climate change. Rising seas, encroaching on the low-lying nation, are threatening to undermine the dome’s structural integrity.
Jack Ading, who represents the area in the Marshalls’ parliament, calls the dome a “monstrosity”. 
“It is stuffed with radioactive contaminants that include plutonium-239, one of the most toxic substances known to man,” he says.
“The coffin is leaking its poison into the surrounding environment. And to make matters even worse, we’re told not to worry about this leakage because the radioactivity outside of the dome is at least as bad as the radioactivity inside of it.”
    
‘Staggering’ challenges 
    The dome has become a symbol of the mess left by the US nuclear test programme in the Marshall islands when 67 bombs were detonated between 1947 and ’58 at Enewetak and Bikini atolls.
Numerous islanders were forcibly evacuated from ancestral lands and resettled, including Enewetak’s residents. Thousands more islanders were exposed to radioactive fallout and suffered health problems.
The people of Enewetak were allowed home in 1980, and about 800 islanders now live in the southern part of the atoll, 20 kilometres from Runit. After the US military withdrew, the Marshall Islands government officially accepted a “full and final” settlement to cover the impact of the nuclear tests.
But there have long been complaints that the compensation paid by Washington was inadequate, and the United Nations has described “a legacy of distrust” towards the United States.
UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres raised the issue earlier this month after meeting Marshall Islands President Hilda Heine in Fiji, when they discussed the nuclear legacy and the prospect of radioactive leakage from Runit dome.
“The Pacific was victimised in the past as we all know... the consequences of these have been quite dramatic, in relation to health, in relation to the poisoning of waters in some areas,” he said.
Marshalls Foreign Minister John Silk says he appreciates Guterres bringing the Runit dome to world attention with this comments.
“We are pleased that the Secretary General made these statements, since so often it seems that these ongoing legacy issues that continue to impact our people are forgotten by the international community.”
    
Uncertain future 
    Rhea Moss-Christian, who chairs the Marshall Islands National Nuclear Commission, says the country “needs the support of the international community to address the staggering health and environmental challenges across the Pacific”.
The consequences of the dome failing are unclear. A 2013 inspection commissioned by the US government suggested radioactive fallout in the Enewetak lagoon sediment was already so high a catastrophic failure would not necessarily result in locals receiving increased dosages of radiation. Silk, noting that the US government had committed to ongoing monitoring of the dome, says an independent assessment of the structure’s status “would be helpful”.
But Ading says the situation is “a constant source of anxiety for the people of Enewetak”.
“We pray that the Runit dome does not eventually become our coffin,” he says.