The talks centred on a license agreement for Samsung's use of technology patented by Ericsson for telecommunications and networking standards, the Swedish group said.
Ericsson said the patents were often used in wireless and consumer electronics products, and other competitors have previously accepted the terms for their use.
The South Korean firm licensed Ericsson patents in 2001. The license was renewed in 2007, but has now expired, Ericsson said.
The lawsuit was filed at a court in Texas, where Ericsson has its US headquarters.
Ericsson said it had over 30,000 patents in its portfolio.//DPA