Why the Philippines is right to choose ‘clean’ coal

Take mining, certainly topical today, and there’s much to say about the way it’s being misunderstood by environmentalists. But for today, let me rather focus on electricity – or how we should generate it.
In the Philippines steam and water are stalwarts in our power system, providing an impressive 31 per cent of our total electricity mix – one of the world’s highest. I like nuclear, too, but the way here is an uphill climb given the emotional ignorance clouding the issue, plus the refusal to accept established facts.
Gas is good – and clean – but it’s a limited resource. And diesel is dirty and suitable only for small stuff, so ignore that.
So, we’re left with coal. And this is where I and the environmentalists differ. They want nothing to do with it because it’s dirty. Is it? Yes. But that was before the advent of modern technology. Today, a modern power plant, properly designed, can be relatively clean.
I studied the figures and did what few others do: Yes, I visited a major plant. It’s new, its large (630 MW) – and it’s clean.
The emissions come from a smokestack 210 metres tall; so whatever smoke goes out of it blows into a higher atmosphere – with no effect at all on local communities. More so, because the volume of smoke is well below what is considered unacceptable, dirty.
Particulate matter, which is removed by massive filter bags, is only 31.9 mg/Nm3. Much lower than the World Bank’s standard (50).
Then there’s those nasty gases. The plant emits sulphur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) – some 400 mg/Nm3 of SOx and 340 mg/Nm3 of NOx, respectively; the World Bank’s safety limits are 800 and 510.
Then there’s the waste water, which goes through turbines to produce a bit more power – 2.8 MW, for free – then it is cleaned up by oxygenation before entering the bay. Interestingly, the fish love it. There are more fish around the plant than elsewhere in the bay.
So the fishermen love it, too; and they have stopped dynamite fishing – another benefit from having the power plant there.
Finally, the fly ash. This is what is left after the coal is burnt. This is nasty stuff, a fine dust full of heavy metals that do humans no good. In a modern power plant like this only 3-4 per cent of the coal becomes fly ash. So it gets put in cement, where it’s harmless.
I agree: Older plants are a pollution problem, but you can’t just shut them down. They’ll eventually go, but over time. An instantaneous shift, which the activists are clamouring for, is not practical; you’ll have to pay a lot for it. Building new power plants, of any kind, is expensive, and the public must pay for them. The Filipino public won’t accept that. The cost of power is not second to cleanliness, it’s first and foremost. A choice must be made.
And the wisest choice is a compromise, move to cleaner, low-cost coal plants over time. Augmented increasingly by natural gas – if China will allow us to get it. And by solar and wind when technology has allowed for affordable storage. I would add nuclear, but that will need some real political will – and negotiating skill. I’m glad Energy Secretary Alfonso Cusi is trying. He should.
The bottom line is: The public wants cheaper, cleaner energy. Coal plants are the cheapest. Solar and wind are the cleanest. (Well, geothermal and hydro, too, but they’re well-established electricity sources.)
Our most sensible solution today is to continue to run the old coal plants until they wear out. Buy new, clean coal plants to replace them until natural gas and the other renewables become more affordable and available, day and night.