The world No 15 Thais roared to the brink of a stunning upset win before the No 4-ranked team clawed their way back for a 3-2 victory at Atlas Arena in Lodz, Poland.
The Thais’ fourth consecutive loss in Pool F ended their chances of qualifying for the quarter-finals of the event, which is being co-hosted by the Netherlands and Poland.
Saturday’s match followed defeats against Canada (3-1), Germany (3-1) and Serbia (3-0).
Thailand stunned USA by winning the first two sets, 25-23 and 25-21. The Thais then came within one point of victory twice after securing match points in set four.
However, the Americans escaped both times before winning the fourth set 27-25 and sealing the deal 15-13 in the decider.
The USA’s reward was a place in the quarter-finals.
Thailand ended their tournament seventh in the eight-team Pool F with 11 points (points from the first round were carried over to the second round).
The top four teams in each pool will advance to this week’s quarter-finals, with the final due on Saturday.